LONDRE LONDON UK (196)

Londres [lɔ̃dʁ] Écouter (en anglais : London [ˈlʌndən] Écouter), située dans le Sud-Est de la Grande-Bretagne, est la capitale du Royaume-Uni et la plus grande ville de l’Angleterre. Longtemps capitale de l’Empire britannique, elle est désormais le siège du Commonwealth of Nations.

Fondée il y a presque 2 000 ans par les Romains sous le nom de Londinium, Londres est au XIXe siècle la ville la plus peuplée du monde. Bien que largement dépassée dans ce domaine par de nombreuses mégapoles, elle reste une métropole de tout premier plan, en raison de sa place de deuxième centre financier mondial derrière New-York selon le Global Financial Centres Index (2019). Les capitalisations boursières de New York et de Tokyo sont supérieures à celle de la bourse de Londres. Londres se place dans la triade des grands centres financiers du monde, avec New York et Hong Kong, en étant la principale place financière d’Europe. Cette trilogie est appelée par les médias anglophones « Nylonkong ».

La région de Londres, composée de l’Inner London et de l’Outer London, comptait environ 8 908 000 habitants en 2018 et réalise un cinquième du produit intérieur brut du Royaume-Uni. En 2018, l’aire urbaine de Londres comptait 9 787 426 habitants. En 2018, Eurostat estime que son aire métropolitaine est peuplée de 14 257 962 habitants, la plus peuplée de l’Union européenne. En Europe, elle est la troisième agglomération après Moscou et Istanbul et la 25e mondiale. Ses habitants s’appellent les Londoniens (en anglais : Londoners).

London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England, at the head of its 50-mile (80 km) estuary leading to the North Sea, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. Londinium was founded by the Romans. The City of London, London’s ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles (2.9 km2) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits. The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status. Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is considered to be one of the world’s most important global cities and has been called the world’s most powerful, most desirable, most influential, most visited, most expensive, innovative, sustainable, most investment-friendly,and most-popular-for-work city. London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation. London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance. It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP. It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic. It is the leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. London’s universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe, and London is home to highly ranked institutions such as Imperial College London in natural and applied sciences, the London School of Economics in social sciences, and the comprehensive University College London and King’s College London. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted three modern Summer Olympic Games.
London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2018 municipal population (corresponding to Greater London) was 8,908,081, the third most populous of any city in Europe and accounts for 13.4% of the UK population. London’s urban area is the third most populous in Europe, after Moscow and Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The London commuter belt is the most populous in Europe with 14,040,163 inhabitants in 2016. Prior to Brexit, London had been the largest city in the EU.
London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret’s Church; and the historic settlement in Greenwich where the Royal Observatory, Greenwich defines the Prime Meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. Other landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul’s Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square and The Shard. London has numerous museums, galleries, libraries and sporting events. These include the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library and West End theatres. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world.

Posted by hube.marc on 2020-04-13 12:20:11

Tagged: , LONDRE , LONDON , UK